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1.          Asian Mental Health (San Francisco,7¤ë11¤é)¡GÁA¸Ñ¨p¤HªvÀø®v¦p¦ó±µ®×¡B¸g¶O¨Ó·½¡B¤ä´©ºôµ¸µ¥¡C

 

2.          San Francisco United School District Child Development Program (7¤ë12¤é)¡GÁA¸Ñ¤½¥ß¾Ç«e±Ð¨|ªº¹B§@±¡ªp¡A¦p¦ó¦w¸m¦³¯S®í»Ý¨Dªº«Ä¤l¡A¥H¤Î¦p¦ó¦w±ÆŲ©wµ¥¡C

 

3.          A Preschool of San Francisco United School (7¤ë12¤é)¡GÁA¸ÑµØ¤H¤l¤kªº¨ü±Ð¨|±¡ªp¡A¥H¤Î¦Ñ®v¦p¦ó¿zÀË¥X¦³µo®i¿ð½wªº«Ä¤l¡A¦p¦ó¦w±ÆŲ©wµ¥¡C

 

4.          Chinatown Child Development Center (San Francisco,7¤ë12¤é)¡G¤F¸Ñ¦³¤ß²z°ÝÃD©Îµo®i¿ð½wªºµØ¤H¨àµ£(¨Ò¦p¦Û³¬¯g)¦p¦ó±µ¨üªvÀø®vªºªvÀø¡A¨ä¬yµ{¬°¦ó¡AªvÀø®vªºÃöª`µJÂI¬O¤°»ò¡A¦p¦ó¤ä´©®a®x¨t²Î¡A¥H¤Î¥¼¨Óªºµo®iÁͶաC±À¼s¡B«Å¾É»PªvÀø§¡¦³ªº¤½¥ß¾÷ºc¡C

 

5.          Golden Gate Regional Center (San Francisco,7¤ë13¤é)¡GÁA¸Ñ¸Ó¤¤¤ßªº·~°È¤Î¹B§@¤è¦¡¡A¥D­nªA°È0~3·³ªºµo®i¿ð½w¨àµ£¡A±À¼s¡B«Å¾É»PªvÀø§¡¦³ªº¥Á¶¡¾÷ºc¡C

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6.          Support for Family of Children with Disabilities (San Francisco,7¤ë13¤é)¡GÁA¸Ñ¸Ó¤¤¤ßªº·~°È»P¹B§@¤è¦¡¡A¥D­n¬O¸ê°T´£¨Ñ»P¸ê·½¿Ô¸ßªÌ¤§¨¤¦â¡A¬O¥H±À¼s¡B«Å¾É»P¿Ô¸ß¬°¥Dªº¤½¥ß¾÷ºc¡C

 

7.          Center for Children and Families (San Francisco,7¤ë15¤é)¡G¬O¤½¥ßªºªÀ·|ºÖ§Q¿Ô¸ß¾÷ºc¡A±Mªù´£¨Ñ¬ÛÃö¸ê°Tµ¹¤÷¥À¡C

 

8.          The M. I. N. D. Institute (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopment Disorders, at the University of California, Davis Medical Center, 7¤ë14¤é»P7¤ë22¤é)¡GÁA¸Ñ¸Ó¾÷ºcªº·~°È»P¹B§@¤è¦¡¡A°Ñ»P¸Ó¾÷ºcªº¬ã¨s°Q½×¡A¶i¤@¨B¤F¸Ñ¸Ó¾÷ºcªº³Ì·s¬ã¨s¤è¦V¡A»P¸Ó¾÷ºcªº±Ð±Â¬¢½Í¥¼¨Ó¸ó¤å¤Æ¬ã¨s¦X§@ªº¥i¯à©Ê¡C

 

9.          Asian Pacific Family Center (Los Angeles, 7¤ë21¤é)¡GÁA¸Ñ¸Ó¾÷ºcªº·~°È»P¹B§@¤è¦¡¡A¨Ã¤À§O«e©¹¸Ó¾÷ºcªº¨àµ£¤¤¤ß»P«C¤Ö¦~¤¤¤ß¡C¨àµ£¤¤¤ß¦³ªù¶E¡AÁÙ¦³¤@­Ó³Ì¯S§Oªº¬Oªk«ßºÞ§ô¤¤¨àµ£¾Ç²ß¤¤¤ß¡C¸Ó¤¤¤ß¥D¥ô¤w¦³¤T¤Q¦~¥H¤Wªº¤u§@¸gÅç¡A¸Ô²Ó»¡©ú¬ü°êªº¤ß²z°·±dªA°È¨t²Î»Pµo®i¿ð½wªA°È¨t²Î¦p¦óÁp¦XÀ°§U­Ó®×¡C

 

10.      Aspen Center for Autism (at Denver, Colorado, 7¤ë27¤é)¡GÁA¸Ñ¸Ó¾÷ºcªº·~°È»P¹B§@¤è¦¡¡A¥D­n¬O¦p¦ó¤À¶¥¬q°V½m¦Û³¬¯g¡A¥Î¤°»ò¤èªk¡A¦³¤°»ò¤H­û¡A³o¨Ç¤H­û»Ý­n¤°»ò¾i¦¨±Ð¨|¡A¹ê»Ú¤W¦p¦ó¶i¦æ¸ó¬ì»Ú¹Î¶¤¹B§@µ¥¡C

 

11.      Autism and Development Disorder Center (at University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, 7¤ë28¤é)¡G»PDr. Judy Reaven½Í¡AÁA¸Ñ¸ó¬ì»Ú¹Î¶¤¦X§@¤W®e©ö¥X²{ªº°ÝÃD¥H¤Î¥i¯àªº³B²z¤è¦¡¡C

°Ñ³X¾÷ºc°O¿ý                                         ¦^¥Ø¿ý
                                                                                                                                                             12/07/05

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San Francisco United School District Child Development Program Executive Director, Jacob Wang

20 cook street, San Francisco, CA94118

e-mail:jwang1@muse.sfues.edu

¦³35­Ó®Õ°Ï¡AÁ`·þ¾É¡C

¦³9­Óinclusion (mainstream)¦ì¸mµ¹¦³¯S®í»Ý¨Dªº«Ä¤l¡A¦³15­Ó¯S®í±Ð¨|¯Z¡A²ÎºÙ¬°»y¨¥¿ð½w¡]speech delay¡^¥Ñ»y¨¥ªvÀø®v¡]speech therapist¡^°µ¿ÅŲ¤Îºc­µÁB¥¿¡C

¥Ñ¾Ç®Õ¦Ñ®vµo²{¦³°ÝÃDªº«Ä¤l¡AÂशµ¹®Õªø»PªÀ¤u®v¡A¦AÂश»y¨¥ªvÀø®v°µµû¦ô¡A¨Ã°µIEP¡C

Áp¨¹¬F©²ªk«ß¦³³W©w¡A¬°0~2·³ªº«Ä¤l¦³¸q°È°µIEP¡C¦pªGÂश³æ¶}¥X¨Ó¡A¦b30¤Ñ¤º®Õ¤è¥¼§ä¨ì»y¨¥ªvÀø®vÀ°¦£°µµû¦ô¡A®aªø´N¥i¥H¦Û¤v§ä¨p¤H¶E©Ò¡]clinic¡^¨Ó°µµû¦ô¡A¦ý¾Ç®Õ­n¥I³oµ§µû¦ô¶O¥Î¡C

¤@¯ë¦Ó¨¥¡A¾Ç®Õªºµû¦ôwaiting»Ý­n¤@­Ó¥b¤ë¡C

lAmy¸É¥R¡G¨p¤Hªº¶E©Ò±µ®×¡A¦³ªº«Ä¤l¦³¨p¤Hªº«OÀI¤½¥q¡A¦ý¬O©Ò¦³ªº«Ä¤l¤@©w­n¦³«OÀI¤½¥q¡C«OÀI¤½¥q³W©w¨C¦ì«Ä¤l¨C¦~¥u¦³¬Ý10~20¦¸¡A¦Ó¥B¨C¦¸¥u¸É§U20%¡A³Ñ¤Uªº­n¨D®aªø¥I¶O¡C¡]Amy¹ï«Ä¤l³¡¤Àªº¦¬¶O1300¬ü¤¸/¤p®É¡^

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Executive Director Wang¦ôºâ¡A¾Ç®Õ¬°¨C¦ì«Ä¤lªá¶O42¬ü¤¸/¤é¡A¬F©²¸É§U¨C¦ì«Ä¤l36¬ü¤¸/¤é¡A¾Ç®Õ¨C¤ë¤£¨¬8000¬ü¤¸¡A¾a½Ò«á¯Z¡]°ê¤p¾Çµ£¡A¯²­É³õ¦a¡^ºû«ù¤£¨¬¤§¼ÆÃB¡C

¾Ç®Õ­«µø»y¤å°V½m¡A«Ä¤l­n¾¨¦­»{¦r¡Bºâ¼Æ¡C

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1.          ¯à°÷¡B¦³¸gÅç¿z¿ï¥X¿ð½w(¯S§O¬O»y¨¥¿ð½w)ªº¾Ç¥Í¡A¾¨¦­¿ï¥X¡A¾¨¦­¤¶¤J¡A®ÄªG¶V¦n¡C

2.          ¯à°÷°V½m¦Ñ®v°µ¿z¿ï¡]screening¡^¤u§@¡A¥H¤Î¤¶¤J¡]intervention¡^ªº¤u§@

                                                                                                                                                             12/07/05

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«ô³X§¹Mr. Wang¤§«á¡A¥h°ÑÆ[¤@®acenter¡]¦«¨à©Ò¡^

11¡G00  ¤j³°²¾¥Á¬°¥Dªº¥®¸X¶é

³o®a¦«¨à©Ò«e­±´N¬O¤@¤ù2¼h¼Ó¤½´J¡A¦«¨à©Òªº«Ä¤l¨Ó¦Û³o¨Ç¦í¤á©~¥Á¡C³o¨Ç¦í¤á¬O¨Ó¦Û¤j³°ªº²¾¥Á¡A¦ý¬OÄÝ©ó§C¦¬¤J¤á¡A°µÂÅ»â¤u§@¡A³q±`¦³¨Ç«Ü¦³¿úªº¤j³°²¾¥Á¡A¦í°ª¯Å¦í¦v°Ï¡A±N³o¨Ç¿Ë±­¤@°_²¾¥Á¹L¨Ó¡C

¨C­Ó¯Z¯Å¬ù¦³15~20­Ó¤pªB¤Í¡A±Ð«Ç»á¤j¡A¤À¨¤¸¨¬¡°Ê¡C±Ð«Ç¥~­±¦³3­Ó±Ð«Ç¦@¥Îªº´Z©Ò»P¬~¤â¥x¡A¨k¡B¤k¥Í¤À¶}¡A3­Ó¤p°¨±í±Æ¦C¡C

¤ÈÀ\®É¶¡¡A¦Yªº«Ü²³æ¡G¥b°®µ}¶º¡B¤ôµNªá¥Í¤Î1/3±ø­»¿¼¡C

¦³¤@¦ì¤kªº50·³±Ð®v¨Ó°µ»¡©ú¡]¦³30¦~¸gÅ窺±Ð®v¡^¡G

1.          ¨Ì¤u§@¸gÅç¡A²Ä¤@¤ÑÆ[¹î¡Aµo²{¦³¿ð½wªº¤p«Ä¡A¨ä«á°µ®a³X¡]°Ý¤÷¥À¡B¯ª¤÷¥À¨Ï¥Î¤§»y¨¥¡B´N¾Ç¥v¡]school history¡^¡B¦³µL»y¨¥°ÝÃD¡Bbaby talk¡K?¡^¡A¦p»ÝÂश­n±Æ¶¤µ¥«Ü¤[¤~¯à°µµû¦ô¡C

2.          µ¹¤F¦hºØµû¶qªí¡F¶i¤J¤C¤Ñ¤º°µ²Ä¤@¦¸¡A¥b¦~«á°µ²Ä¤G¦¸¡C

3.          phonological awareness test

   ¡u§Ú¥ý°á¤@¥y¸Ü¡A§A§â§Ú°áªº¥¿½T»¡¥X¨Ó¡A¨Ò¦p¡Gb-at ¡A§A·|«ç»ò°á(/bat/)¡v¡C­è¤J¾Ç®É´ú¤@¦¸¡A¤@¦~«á´ú¤@¦¸¡A¨â¦~«á¤S´ú¤@¦¸¡C

                                                                                                                                                             12/07/05

¡@

Chinatown Child Development Center.µØ°ð¨àµ£µo®i¤¤¤ß

720 Sacramento Street San Francisco, CA94108

Tel¡G(415)392-4453, Ext. 13

Fax¡G(415)433-0953

§EªL»ñ¼bNancy Lin-Yee, M.A., L.C.S.W. Department of Pubic Health, Community Mental Health Services, Psychiatric Social Worker

e-mail¡Gnanlimyee@aol.com.

Chinatown Child Development CenterµØ°ð¨àµ£µo®i¤¤¤ß¡A¤j³¡¤À¬°ªÀ¤u®v¡A¤]¦³±B«Ã®a®x¿Ô°Ó®v¡B¤ß²z®vµ¥¡C

¨C¦~¬ù¦³300¦Ü500¦ì¤pªB¤Í¡A30%ªº­Ó®×¬OIEPÂश¹L¨Óªº­Ó®×¡A10%¬ù¬°¦Û³¬¯g¡]¥þ°ê©Ê³v¦~¼W°ª¡AAsperger 's syndrome¤£©ö¶EÂ_¡A¯S§O¬O¦~¬ö¤p®É¡A©ö¬OODDµ¥²V²c¡^¡A¨S¦³severe MR¡]¦]¬°µLªk°µ¤ß²zªvÀø¡A¥t¦³¤@­Ó¾÷ºc¦¬®e¡^¡A¥u¦³¤Ö³¡¤Àmild MR»Ý°µ¤ß²zªvÀøªº¡A¨ä¾lªº«Ä¤l³£¬Oemotional disturbance¡]¥]¬A¡Gª`·N¤O¤£¨¬inattention, ¹L°Êhyperactivity, ¹ï¥ß¤Ï§Ü¯e±wOCD, ¹ï¥ßopposition, ®`²Ûshyness, µJ¼{anxious, ¼~Æ{depressed¡^¡A´Á«Ý¬O¨C¦ì¤p«Ä¥H¤@¦~´Á¡A¦ý¬O¤]¦³2~3¦~´Áªº¡C

¥t¥~¡A70%ªº­Ó®×¨Ó¦ÛªÀ°Ï¡A¥Ñ®aªø¦Û¤v±a¹L¨Óªº¡C¤U½Ò«á¡A§¤¾Ç®Õ¦w±Æªº¥æ³q¨®°e¹L¨Ó¡AªvÀø§¹¦A¦^¾Ç®Õ¡C¤÷¥À¨ì¾Ç®Õ±µ¦^«Ä¤l¡C

¹ï¦Û³¬¯gªº«Ä¤l¡A¥H8¦ì®aªø»P¤p«Äªº¹ÎÅé¤è¦¡¶i¦æ¡ANancy¬°leader¡A¦P¨Æ¬°co-leader¡A¨C¶g¤@¦¸2¤p®É¡A±Ð¾É¤÷¥À¦p¦ó±a»â¤p«Ä¡C

±µ®×¬yµ{¡G­Ó®×Âश¹L¨Ó¡AÂd¥x¦³­È¯Z¤H­û¡A§Y¦w±Æ±à½Í»Pµû¦ô¡A°µ¥X¶EÂ_»P³B¸m­pµe¡A¨Ì»Ý¨D¦w±Æ¹ÎÅéªvÀø©Î­Ó§O¤ß²zªvÀø©Î¦P®É¶i¦æ¡A¨Ã¥B¹ÎÅéªvÀø¬O³B²z¤H»ÚÃö«Y°ÝÃD¡A¬GÀH®É¥i¥[¤J¡C

³Ì±`¸I¨ìªº°ÝÃD¡G¦Ñ®v©ÎÂå®vÂश¹L¨Ó¡A¤÷¥À¤£±µ¨ü«Ä¤l¦³°ÝÃDªº³o¥ó¨Æ¡A¥u¬O¨Ó´M¨D¦w¼¢«Ä¤l¨S°ÝÃD©Î¨S¨º»òÁV¡C

°ÑÆ[¡G¾÷ºc­±¿n¤j¡A¬Û¹ï©ó¨ä¤H­û¼Æ¨Ó»¡¡CªvÀø®v³£¦³­Ó¤Hªº¿W¦Û¿ì¤½«Ç­Ý·|½Í«Ç¡C¥t¥~¡AÁÙ¦³¤@¤j¶¡ªº¤÷¥À¹ÎÅé«Ç¡A¥H¤Î¹j¾À¤@¤j¶¡ªº¨àµ£«Ç¡A³z¹L³æ­±Ãè¡A¤÷¥À¥i¥HÀH®É¬Ý¨ì¦Û¤v«Ä¤lªº¬¡°Êª¬ªp¡C

¨àµ£«Ç¬Oµ¹2~3·³¨àµ£ªº¤W½Ò¬¡°Ê«Ç¡A¤¤¤ß¶}¤F¤@­Ó¤p¯Z¡]¬ù10­Ó¤pªB¤Í¡^¡A¦¬2~3·³¨àµ£¡A¸Ì­±³]¬I§¹¥þ¨Ì·Ó¥®¸X¶é³W¼Ò¡A«Y¤@¯ë¥®¸X¶é¤p¯Zªº³]³Æ¡]3~4·³¡^¡A¨ä¥Øªº¬O°V½m2~3·³¨àµ£¾Ç²ß¶i¤J¥®¸X¶éªºÀô¹Ò¡]3~6·³¡^¡A¥]¬A¤p½Ò®à´È¡B¤p¼pÂd¡BÃkª¦³]¬I¡B¹Ï®Ñ¨¤¸¨¡B¤ÈºÎ¨¤¸¨¡B´Z©Ò¡]3­Ó¤@±Æªº¤p°¨±í»P¥~­±ªº¤p¬~¤â¥x¡^¡AÁÙ¦³¤@¶¡¼p©Ð¡C

¥t¥~¡A¥ç¦³¤@¶¡«Ü¤j¶¡¡B¦h¥\¯àªº¬¡°Ê«Ç¡C¦³¤@ºØ¯S®íªº¿û»s´È¡A¥i¥H¾ã»ô°ïÅ|°_¨Ó¡A«Üº}«G¡B©ö¦¬ÂáC¦³´X­Ó¯S§OªºÅª®Ñ®y¡C

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Áp¨¹¬F©²ªk«ß³W©w0-22·³ªº¾Ç¥Í¡A¥u­n¤@µo²{¦³µo®i©Î¾Ç²ß¤Wªº¿ð½w°ÝÃD¡A¾Ç®Õ´N»Ý¥ß§Y¦w±Æµû¦ô»PªvÀø¡A¦pªG¾Ç®Õ¤£°µ©Î®aªø¤£º¡·N¡A®aªø¥i¥H­n¨D¦Û¦æ°eªvÀø¤¤¤ß¡A®aªø¦A®³ªvÀøªº¦¬¾Ú¦V¾Ç®Õ¥Ó½Ð¸É§U¸g¶O¡A¦Ó³oµ§¶O¥Î»Ý¥Ñ¾Ç®Õ¦Û¦æÄw´Ú¤ä¥I¡C©ó¬O¡A¾Ç®Õ©¹©¹¤£°µµû¦ô»PªvÀø¡A¦Ó°e¥h¾÷ºc©Î¤¤¤ß³B²z¡A¥H­P¥æ³q¶O¦h©óªvÀø¶O¡C

ªñ¦~¨Ó¡A¸gÀÙ°I°h¡A¬F©²¦b¦­Àø»â°ìªº¤ä¥X¯à¤O¬Û¹ï´î¤Ö¡A¾Ç®Õ¤w¸g¬°¤F¸`¬Ù¸g¶O¡A¥´ºâ¦Û¤v¸u±M¥ô¤ß²z®v¦b®Õ°µ¡A©Î³¡¥÷®É¶¡½Ð­Ý¥ô±M·~¤H­û¡]OT¡BPT¡B»y¨¥ªvÀø®vµ¥¡^¡C

¥¼¨Ó°ÝÃD¡G¦U­Ó¾Ç®Õ¶}©l¸u¥Î¿Ô°Ó¤ß²z®v¡]counseling psychologists¡^¡A¹w¦ô©ú¦~°_¤¤¤ßªº­Ó®×¼Æ·|¤j¶q¾U´î¡C

µØ°ð¨àµ£µo®i¤¤¤ß¡A¥»¨­¬O¤½°È¤H­û¨t²Î¡A­±¹ï§Y±N¨ÓÁ{ªºªÀ·|ÅܾE¡A¤¤¤ß¹w¦ô¥D°Ê¨D§Uªº¨àµ£¤H¼Æ±N·|´î¤Ö¡A¤¤¤ßªº¥D­n¬¡°Ê¤è¦V¤]´N»Ý­«·s¬É©w¤F¡C

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                                                                                                                                                              13/07/05

¡@

Golden Gate Regional Center

¤¤¤ß¥D¥ô¬O¤@¦ì¤p¨à¬ìÂå®v¡C

¤¤¤ß¸u¦³¦UºØ±M·~¤H­û¡A¥]¬A¤p¨à¬ìÂå®v¡]®a®xÂå®v¡A­t³d¶}ÃÄ¡A¥]¬Aºë¯«¬ìÃĪ«¡^¡B¨àµ£ºë¯«¬ìÂå®v¡B¤ß²z®v¡B¿Ô°Ó®v¡BªÀ¤u®vµ¥¡Cµ¹¤©´Ý»Ù¨àµ£®a®x´£¨Ñ¸ê°T¡B±Ð¨|©M¤ä«ùªº²Õ´¾÷ºc¡C

¥D­nªA°Èªº¦~ÄÖ½d³ò¬O0¦Ü3·³¡A¥Ø«e¸Ó¤¤¤ß·QÂX®iªA°Èªº¦~ÄÖ¼h¡C

¥D­nªA°È°Ï°ì¦b¥Õ¤H»P¾¥¦è­ô¤H²VÂø¦í¦v°Ï¡C¤Ö¦³µØ¤H¡C

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Support For Family of Children with Disabilitiesª÷ªù¤À°Ï¤¤¤ß¡A¦bSan Francisco¡C

µ¹¤T·³¥H¤Wªº¨àµ£¤Î¦¨¤H´£¨ÑªA°È¡]¤Tÿ¥«¿¤San Francisco County¡B¸t°¨¤N¿¤San Mateo County¤Î°¨³s¿¤Marin County¡^¡C

¥Ñ¥[¦{¬F©²¡]¦¨ªøªA°È³¡¡^¸ê§Uªº¨p¤H«D¦È§Q¾÷ºc¡A¥D­n¬°´Ý»Ù¤H¤h´£¨ÑªA°È¨ó§U¤Î´©§U¡C

¥H´£¨Ñ¦UºØ¬ÛÃö¸ê§U¬°¥D¡A¥]¬A®ÑÄy¡B³æ±i¤Î¿ý¼v±a¡C

µØ¤H°Ï¡A¬GªA°È¤H¸s¥HµØ¤H©~¦h¡C

                                                                                                                                                              15/07/05

 

Center for Children and Families (EDGEWOOD)¡A¦bSan Francisco¡C

¬O¤@­ÓªÀ·|ºÖ§Q¿Ô¸ß¾÷Ãö¡A±Mªù´£¨Ñ¬ÛÃö¸ê°Tµ¹¤÷¥À¡A«ü¾É®a®x¬°¤¤¤ßªº»ù­ÈÆ[¡C

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¥¼¶i¦æ¤@¹ï¤@©Î¹ÎÅ骺Á{§É¤u§@¡C

14/07/05

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M.I.N.D. Institute (for Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopment Disorders)

The Art Collection of the UC Davis M.I.N.D. Institute

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¤@¦~¤º¶Ò±o¢C6,000,000¡A¨Ã»¡ªAUC Davis School of Medicine»PMedical Center¤ä´©»Pµ¹¤©»\©Ð¤l¡C2¦~¤º¡AM.I.N.D. Institute¹µ½Ð¤F¤@¦ì¬ã¨s¥D¥ô(research director)¡C¦bµuµuªº4¦~¤º¡A¾÷ºcÀò±o¶W¹L¢C6,000,000ªº¬ã¨s¸g¶O¡A¶i¦æ¦Û³¬¯g¨àµ£ªº²§¦P¤§µo²{¡A§ä¥XÀ¦¨à´Á¦Û³¬¯g¨àµ£ªºbiomarker¡A³Ð³y¤Î´£¨Ñ³Ì¦nªº¶EÂ_¤ÎªvÀø¡C

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Robbert Herdenn(UC Davis M.I.N.D. Institute execution director)»¡¡G¡uM.I.N.D. Instituteªº§ï­²¬O±N«Üª[²§©Î¤£¦Pªº¹ÎÅéµ²¦X¦b¤@°_¡A¦Ó³Ð³y¥X­Ó§O°µªº¸Ü¡BµLªk°µ¦¨ªºµ²ªG¡C¡v¥H³oºØ¤è¦¡¦X§@¡Aµ²¦X·sªº¤F¸Ñ»P¬ì»Ú¡A¾É¤Þ§Ú­Ìµo®i¥X«Ü¦nªº¤èªk¨Ó¨ó§U¯«¸gµo®i¯e±wªº®a®x¡C

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¨Ó¬ÝM.I.N.D. Institute clinicªº«Ä¤l»P®a®x¡A·|±o¨ì³Ì±jªºÁ{§É¬ã¨s­pµe¡Aµû¦ô¦³®i±æ©ÊªvÀøªkªº¦³®Ä©Ê»P¦w¥þ©Ê¡C¥ç¯à°÷±o¨ì§¹¾ãªº¸ó¬ì»Ú¨ú¦V(a comprehensive multidiciplinary approach)ªºµû¦ô¡B¶EÂ_¤ÎªvÀø­pµe(µ¹¦Û³¬¯gautism¡A¯Ü®zX¯g­Ô¸sfragile X syndrome©M¨ä¥L¨àµ£µo®i¯e±w)¡C

2003¦~7¤ë¡A±Nªñ100¦ì¾­û¡]staff¡^¡BÁ{§ÉÂå®v¡]clinicians¡^¤Î¬ã¨s­û¡]researchers¡^¶i¤J·sªº100,000-guare-foot UC Davis M.I.N.D. Institute¡C

µe¥U

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2001¦~1¤ëWilloughby±µ¨ìUC Davis¦Û³¬¯g¨àµ£¤÷¿ËChuck Gardnerªº¹q¸Ü¡A´£¨ì­nµ¥«ØM.I.N.D. Institute¡A·Q­n¥ÎASDªºµe¨Ó¸Ë¹¢Àð¾À¡C©ó¬O¡AWilloughby¶}©l¦æ°Ê¡C­º¥ý¦bºô»Úºô¸ô¤W¼x¸ßµe§@¡A¨S¦³·Q¨ì³ºµM¦³¤@¤j°ïªº¦^À³¡A¬Æ¦Ü¦³¤@¦ì«Ä¤lªº¶ý¶ý¥ß§Y¦^ÂСA¦]¬°¦oªº«Ä¤l¤@©w­n¥ß§Yµe¤@±iµ¹¦o­Ì¡]P.81¡AThe people Mover Lighthouse¡^¡C³o¨Çµe¸g¹L±M®a¼f®Ö¡A¬D¿ï¥X¨Ó¡A±¾¤WM.I.N.D. InstituteªºÀð¤W»Pµe¥»¡A¨Ã¥B·|¦¬¨ì¤@µ§µe§@¶O¡]¨ä¤¤¤@¦ì49·³¦Û³¬¯g³Y²§ªº»¡¡G¾aµÛ¦b®a¸Ìµe¹Ï¤]¥i¥HÁÈ¿ú¹L¬¡¶Ü¡H P.75¡^¡C³Ì¦~»´ªºµe®a¬O¥Î«üµe¡]finger paint¡A¦b­PÁ­¶³B¡^¡A³Ì¦Ñªºµe®a¬O1914¦~¥X¥Í¡]Asperger's syndrome¡A87·³¡AP.79¡^¡C

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µe¥U¸Ì¸ü¦³¨C­Ó­Ó®×ªº¥Í¬¡¥v¡]history¡^¡B¶EÂ_¡]diagnosis¡^¡BÃÀ³N¦¨ªø¥vµ¥¡C 

¶EÂ_²[»\autism¡]³Ì¦h¼Æ¡^¡Bhigh functioning autism¡Bautism¡Bfragile X syndrome¡AAsperger 's syndrome¡ADyslexia¡AADHD¡C³Ì¯S§Oªº¬O¡AADHD¡]P.19¡^¬O©ñ¦b²Ä¤@´Tµe§@¡A·N§tM.I.N.D. Institute·Q­n¹ï¨ä¥L¯e±wªí¥Üµ½·N¡H©Î·Q­n¾î¸ó¨ä¥L¯e±w¡H

P.19 ADHD(Jonathan Albert)ªºµe§@¡A®i²{½u±ø¡Bºc¹Ï»P°t¦â¤§¬ü¡C

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¦³¤@¦ìµe®a¡]Asperger 's syndrome¡^»¡¡A¦o¡]P.65¡^¥u¯à¥Hµe¹Ï§ÎºA¨Ó°O¾Ð»P«ä¦Ò¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¤å¦r¡C¦P®É¡A¦o·|«ÜµÛ­«µeªº²Ó¸`¡A¦o»{¬°Asperger 'sªº°ÝÃD´N¬O·|³Q²Ó¸`µÛ°g¤F¡A¦Ó©¿²¤¤Fµeªº¾ãÅé¹Ï§Î¡]whole picture¡^¡AÅܦ¨¨C¤@­Ó³¡¦ì³£¬Oµeªº¥DÅé¡]parts as discrete entities¡^¡C¦b¦o¶}©l¾Ç²ßµe¹Ïªº®É­Ô¡A¦o¬°¤F³o­Ó§xÂZ¾Ä°«¤F¦n¤@°}¤l¡Aª½¨ì²{¦b¤´»Ý¤@ÂI¤ß¤O¥h§JªA¡C¦o±`±`¶}©l°µµe®É¡A·|³Q¨C¤@²Ó¸`µÛ°g¡A¦ÓµLªk¥h¬Ý¥X¤@¾ã´T¹Ï§Î¡C¦o±`±N¨C­Ó³¡¥÷¿W¥ß³B²z¦Ó¤£¬O·í°µ¤@´T¹Ï§Î³B²z¡]a tendency to treat each piece in isolation¡Ainstead of as part of a whole¡^¡C

US Davis M.I.N.D. Institute Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopment/ Neuro disorder

M.I.N.D. Matters Vol.6¡ANo.1¡ASpring 2005

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M.I.N.D. Institute¬O°ê®a¯Åªº10 Collaborative Programs of Excellence in Autism(CPEA)¡A¦¨¥ß©ó1997¦~¡A¥D­n¥Øªº¬OÀËÅçautismªºneurobiology»Pgenetics¡CCPEA networkªº¸g¶O¨Ó¦ÛChild Health Development (NICHD)»PNational Institute for Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)¡C 

M.I.N.D. Institute 's CPEA¡A¡uDefinition and Development of the Phenotype of Autism¡v¡A¨Ï¥Î¤F¦h¤¸¬ã¨s¤èªk¥h§ä¥Xautismªºcore neuropsychological deficit¡A¨Ã±Nprimary and secondary features°Ï¿ë¶}¨Ó¡C

¦b1997¦~¦Ü2002¦~¶¡¡ACPEA¦bDenverªºColorado¤j¾Ç¡A¬O¥ÑSally J. Rogers»â¾É¡A¦ÓRogers¥Ø«eÂà¨ìM.I.N.D. Institute¡A¬O¾÷ºcªº¬ã¨s­û¡C

¦bColorado¤j¾Ç®É¥N¡ACEPAªº¬ã¨s¬°¸£¥\¯à»Pµ²ºc¡]brain function and structure¡^¡Athe broader autism phenotype and a longitudinal study of two years old with autism¡C­«­nµo²{¦³¡G

l      ¦³»y¨¥¯Ê³´ªºautism¡A¯Ê¥F¸£°¼¤Æªº²§±`²{¶H¡]abnormal lack of brain asymmetry¡^¡C

l      Autism»Pfragile X syndromeªº¤H¹ïÁn­µ¨ë¿E¦³²§±`¤ÏÀ³¡C

l      Fragile X syndrome of toddlers¤¤¡A25%¬°autism¡C

l      Children with fragile X»Ptoddlers with autism¤ñ°_¨ä¥LºØÃþªºµo®i¿ð½w¨àµ£¨Ó»¡¡A¤£¥¿±`ªº·Pı¤ÏÀ³¡]levels of abnormal sensory responsivity¡^¼W¥[¡C

l      Toddlers with autismªº©Ò¦³¼Ò¥é¤ÏÀ³«¬ºA¡]all types imitative responses¡^³£¨ü·l¡C

l      ¾Ç¨B´Áªº¬Û¤¬ª`·Nªº§Þ¯à¡]Joint attention skills in toddlers¡^»P©¹«áªº§êºt¹CÀ¸¬¡°Ê¡]pretend play activities¡^¦³Ãö³s¡C

¦b2002¦~¡ACPEA¦AÄò¤­¦~­pµe¡A¨ÃÀHRogers¾E©¹M.I.N.D. Institute¡A±o¨ì¤T­Ó­pµe¡A¥þ³¡³£µÛ­«¦b¦­´Áµo®i¡]early development¡^¡C

¨ä¤¤¨â­Ó­pµe·|¦bM.I.N.D. Institute¶i¦æ¡A¬ù¦³50¦ì¦³preschool children with autism¡A25¦ì¥¿±`µo®iªº¨àµ£¡A¥H¤Î25¦ì¨ä¥L²§±`µo®iªº¨àµ£°Ñ»P¡C¥Ø«e¥¿¦b©Û¦¬¨àµ£¡A¯S§O¬Opreschoolers with autism who had an early regression¡A¥H¤Îpreschoolers with other kinds of delay who do not have autism¡C

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Rogers»â¾ÉM.I.N.D. Instituteªº²Ä¤@­Ó¬ã¨s­pµe¡uImitation in Autism¡v¡A¥D­n¥Øªº¬OÅçÃÒ¦Û³¬¯g¨àµ£¼Ò¥é§O¤Hªº¯à¤O¡C¼Ò¥é¬O¤HÃþ·¾³qªº­«­n¾÷¨î¡A¨Ï¤H»P¤H¤§¶¡¥i¥H·¾³q¡B¤¬°Ê¤Î¾Ç²ß¡C¦ý¬O¡A³o­Ó§Þ¥©¹ï¦Û³¬¯gªÌ«Ü§xÃøµo®i¥X¨Ó¡C¦Û³¬¯g¥®¨à«Ü¤Ö¼Ò¥é§O¤H¡C¦~¬ö¸û¤j®É¡A¥L­Ì¾Ç·|¦p¦ó¼Ò¥é§O¤H®É¡A¥L­Ì·|±`±`°µ¿ù¡CRogers»PBruce Pennington»{¬°³o­Ó¼Ò¥é°ÝÃD¥i¬O¸ò¦Û³¬¯gªº¸£³¡¥\¯àªºbiological differences¦³Ãö¡C

¦­´Áªº¼Ò¥é¯Ê·l¥i¯à·l®`ªÀ·|¥\¯à¼h­±¡A¨Ò¦p¡Gtheory of mind¡Aemotion sharing language development¤Îsymbolic play¡C

³o­Ó¬ã¨s­pµeÅçÃÒRogers/Pennington°²³]¡A¦^µª¤T­Ó¦³Ãö¦Û³¬¯g¼Ò¥éªº¬ã¨s°ÝÃD¡C²Ä¤@­Ó¬ã¨s°ÝÃD¡X¦Û³¬¯g¨àµ£¾Ç²ß¥H¥¿±`¶¶§Ç¡]typical order¡^¼Ò¥é§Þ¥©¡A¥u¬O¤ñ¸ûºC¦Ó¤w¡AÁÙ¬O¥H¤£¦P©ó¨ä¥L¥¿±`¨àµ£ªº¤è¦¡¾Ç²ß¡H--´N¬Oµû¦ô¨àµ£¦­´Áªº¼Ò¥é«¬ºAªºµo®i¡]pattern of imitation development in early childhood¡^¡C

Rogers»P¨ä¥L¬ã¨sªÌ«ü¥X¡Aimitation¦b¨àµ£¦­´Á§êºt¦hºØ¥\¯à¡C¡]1¡^ªÀ·|·¾³q¥\¯à¡]social communication¡^¡AÀ°§U¨àµ£¸ò¨C¤@­Ó¤H¦X§@·¾³q¦æ¬°¡]coordinate communicative behavior with each other¡^¡C¡]2¡^¾Ç®{¥\¯à¡]apprenticeship function¡^¡A¯A¤Î¹ïª«Å骺°Ê§@¡AÀ°§U¨àµ£¾Ç²ß¦p¦ó¨Ï¥Î¤u¨ã°µ¨Æ¡C

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Sally Ozonoff¡APh. D¡A±a»â²Ä¤G­Ó¬ã¨s­pµe¡uCourse and Validity of Regression in Autism¡v¡A³o­Ó¬ã¨s­pµe¥D­n¬O¥ÎÆ[¹îªk¡C¦³ªº¦Û³¬¯g«Ä¤l¦ü¥G±qÀ¦¨à¦­´Á¡]early infant¡^´NÅã²{¦Û³¬¯g¯gª¬¡A¦bÀY¨â·³¤º¡A¯gª¬³vº¥¼W¦h¡C¥t¦³¨Ç¦Û³¬¯g«Ä¤lÀY¤@·³¤ºµo®i¦ü¥G¥¿±`¡A2·³«á¤~µo®i¥X¯gª¬¡C

Ozonoff¥H4­Ó¬ã¨s¨Ó¶i¦æ¤F¸Ñ¤W­zªº²{¶H¡A¥Øªº¬Olead to a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying both regressive and early onset autism¡C4­Ó¬ã¨s¦p¤U¡G

l      ³z¹L¤ÀªR®a®x¿ý¼v±a¡AÅçÃÒ¤÷¥À¦³Ãöregressionªº³ø§i¡A¥ç§Y¤÷¥À³¯­z»P¦æ¬°¤§Ãö«Y¡C

l      §ä¥Xregressionªº¦­´Áĵ°T¡]early warning signs¡^¡A¤èªk¬O¤ñ¸ûÀ¦¨àªº®a®x¿ý¼v±a¡A¤@²ÕÀ¦¨à¦³regression¡A¥t¤@²ÕÀ¦¨à¨S¦³regression¡C

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Developmental cognitive neuroscientist¡ATony Simon¡APh. D»{¬°¼Æ¦r¯à¤O¡]numberical competence¡^ªº°ò¦¡]foundations¡^¬O¤@²Õa set of attention¡Aspatial and object cognition conceptencies developed early in infancy psychology¡Acomputational cognitive science¡Aneuroimaging and genetics¡CSimon³Q»{¬°¬Odevelopmental cognitive neuroscientistsªº©l¯ª¡C 

Simonªº¬ã¨s¦³¨â­Ó¶¥¬q¡G¥ýµo®i²M·¡¥B¦³¾÷¨î°ò¦ªº»¡©ú¡]a clear¡Amechanical-based explanation¡^¡A»¡©ú«Ä¤l¬°¦ó¤£¯à°õ¦æ¬Y¨Ç¾úµ{¡AµM«á¦A§Q¥Î³o¨Çª¾Ãѳ]ªk°V½m¸£³¡¥Î§Oªº¤èªk°õ¦æ³o¨Ç¤u§@¡C

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Sally Ozonoff¡ASally Rogers¡A& Robert L Hendren ~ "Autism Spectrum Disorder~ A Research Review for Practitioners" In UC Davis M.I.N.D. Institute.

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M.I.N.D. Institute¬Û·í¤j¡A«Ø¿v·s¿o¤S¦³¶Ç²Îªº­·¨ý»PUS Davis®Õ°Ï­·®æ¬Û¿Ä¡C§Ú°ÑÆ[¤Fclinic¡A±N¥¦ªº³]­p¡B³]³Æ³£©ç¤F¬Û¤ù¡C¥Øªº¬O¥i¥H·í°µ°Ñ¦Ò¡A¦]¬°¥¦ªºµ¥­Ô«Ç¡]waiting room¡^³]­p±o¬Û·í¦n¡A¦³¤@°Ï¤@°Ïªº¡AÅý¨C­Ó®a®x«Ü¦³Áô¨p©Ê¡C·íµM¨C¤@°Ï¦U¦³¯S¦â¡A¥i¥HÅý«Ä¤l¿ï¾Ü¥L­Ì³ßÅwªº¹qµø©ÎÃkª¦³]³Æ©Î¤£¦PÃþ«¬ªºª±¨ã©Î½öµÛµÎªAªºÅܧγn¨Fµo¡C 

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1.          ¤¤¤ß¥»¨­´N¦³¤@¦ì±M¥ôªººÊÅ@©x¡]probation officer¡^¡AÁ~¤ô¬O¥Ñ¤¤¤ß¤ä¥Iªº¡C

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3.          «C¤Ö¦~ªº®É¶¡¦w±Æ¤W¡A¦­¤W§¹¥þ¥Ñ±Ð®v¤W½Ò¡]³o¬Oªk«ß³W©w¤£¥i¥H­é¹Ü«Ä¤lªº¤W½Ò®É¶¡¡^¡A¬G¤U¤È¤~¶i¦æ¦UºØ¤ß²z»²¾É¤u§@¡Aª½¨ì³Ä±ß¤CÂI¤~¥Î®Õ¨®§â«Ä¤l°e¦^¨ì®a¡A¦Ó±ß¤W¤CÂI´N¬Oªk«ß³W©wªº«C¦~®d¸T¶}©lªº®É¶¡¡A³o¼Ë¨¾¤î«C¤Ö¦~¤U¤È¨S¨Æ¦U³B¶¢³}¡A¦Ó³Q¨ä¥LÀ°¬£ªº¤H±þ¦º¡]³o¤]¬O¹ê»Ú¤Wµo¥Í¹Lªº¡^¡C 

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³o¦ì¥ý¥Í¤H«Ü¦~»´¡A»W¦³¤s¦ÏÄGŽ¡A«Ü¦³·N«ä¡C·þ¾É±a§Ú­Ì°ÑÆ[¤¤¤ß¡A±Nªñ¦³¤Q¨Ó¦ìªvÀø®v¡A¨C¦ìªvÀø®v¦³¤@¶¡¿ì¤½«Ç¡A·þ¾É¤@¤@¥´¶}ªvÀø®vªº¿ì¤½«Ç¡A¦P®É¤]Åý§Ú­Ì°ÑÆ[¤FªvÀø®v¹ï¦Û¤v¶i¦æªvÀøªº©Ð¶¡Â\³]¡B§G¸m·§©À¡C¥t¥~¡A¦³¨â¶¡¹CÀ¸ªvÀø«Ç¡AÂ\º¡¤F¾A¥Î¹CÀ¸ªvÀøªºª±¨ã¡C

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27/07/05

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9¡G30am~10¡G30am

Aspen Center For Autism at Colorado¡ADenver

Aspen Center¥ÑDiane Osaki«Ø¥ß¡A¨Ã¬°director¡COsaki¬Opediatric occupational therapist¡C

¦]¬°Osaki¤H¤£¦b¡A¬G¥Ñ°õ¦æ¯µ®Ñ±a»â°ÑÆ[¡C¥ý¬Ý¤@¶¡«Ü¤jªºÅé¯à«Ç¡A¦Ñ®v±a»â«Ä¤l¦b³o¶¡°µ°µ¹B°ÊÃP¾Ó¤@¤U¡]1¹ï1±Ð¾Ç¡^¡CµM«á°ÑÆ[¤p¤p«Ä©Î­è¤J¤¤¤ß«Ä¤lªº±Ð«Ç¡A³o¨Ç«Ä¤l³£¬O¤@¹ï¤@±Ð¾Ç¡A¥H­Ó§O¤Æ¤è¦¡±Ð¾É³o¨Ç«Ä¤l¡C±Ä¨ú¸ó¬ì»Ú¹Î¶¤ªº¤è¦¡°µµû¦ô»P¼g¥X±Ð¾Ç­pµe¡A°V½m«Ä¤l·Q¨Ç¤@¾ã¤Ñªº®É¶¡ªí¡A±Ð¾É¬Û¤¬ª`·Nªº§Þ¯à¡]joint attention skills¡^µ¥¡A¨Ã¦³¸Ô²Óªº¦æ¬°¬ö¿ýªí¡A¦Ñ®v»Ý­nÀH®É°µ¸Ô²Ó¦æ¬°¬ö¿ý¡C

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±µµÛ¡A°ÑÆ[regular classroom¡A¤Î±Ð®v¨Ì¾ÚIEP¦Ó¶i¦æ±Ð¾Ç¤u§@¡C±Ð®v¦³¤£¦Pªº­I´º¡A³£¬O¤j¾Ç³¡²¦·~¡C°V½m¦Ñ®v¡G¥ýÆ[¹î«Ä¤l¤@¶g¡A±µµÛÆ[¹î±Ð®vªº±Ð¾Ç¡A¦A¨Ó§Y¥i¥H¶}©l±q¨Æ±Ð¾Ç¤u§@¡A¥ý¥Ñ±a»âªº¦Ñ®v¦b®ÇÃä¬ÝµÛ¡A«ü¾É¿ù»~ªº±Ð¾Ç§Þ¥©¡Aª½¦Ü¥i¥H¿W¥ß§@·~¡C¸Ó¯Z¯Å¬O¤@¹ï¤@±Ð¾Ç¡A¦ý¦³¦UºØ¤£¦P¨¤¸¨¡A¨C­Ó¨¤¸¨°V½mªº§Þ¥©¤£¦P¡]¨Ò¦p¡G»y¨¥¡B»{ª¾¡BªÀ·|§Þ¥©¡Kµ¥µ¥¡^¡A¾Ç¥Í·|±Ä¨ú¨¤¸¨½ü¬y¶i¦æªº¤è¦¡¡C°£¦¹¤§¥~¡A¦³3ºØ¤è¦¡»Î±µ®a®x³¡¥÷¡A¤@ºØ¬O¨Ò¦æ©Ê·|¦³ÁܽЮaªø¨ì¾Ç®Õ¡A»P±Ð®v·í­±·¾³q½Í½Í¡C²Ä¤GºØ¬O¦Ñ®v·|¨ì®a¸Ì¡A¤@­Ó§O«Ä¤l¤§»Ý­n¡A±Ð¾É¤÷¥À¦p¦ó¦b®a°V½m«Ä¤l¡A¨Ã¾Ç²ß¦p¦ó°µÆ[¹î¬ö¿ý¡C²Ä¤TºØ¬O¥Hhome-base program¡A¥ç§Y«Ä¤l¤£¨ì¾Ç®Õ¡A¥Ñ¤¤¤ß¬£¦Ñ®v¨ì®a¸Ì¶i¦æ«Ä¤lªº±Ð¾Ç¬¡°Ê»P±Ð¾É¤÷¥À¦p¦ó±Ð«Ä¤l¡C

¤S¦AÆ[¹î¤@¶¡«Ü¤j¶¡ªº±Ð«Ç¡A³o¶¡±Ð«Çªº«Ä¤l³£Äݤñ¸û­««×ªº¡A¦Ñ®v±Ä¤@¹ï¤@¶i¦æ±Ð¾Ç¬¡°Ê¡A¦³»{ª¾¡B»y¨¥¡B¤â²´¨ó½Õµ¥°V½m¡C³o¶¡±Ð«Çªº°V½m¥u¦³¦­¤W¦Ó¤w¡A¦ý¬O¡A¤U¤È´N§ï¬°±µ¨ü¦Û³¬¯gªº½Ò«á»²¾É¡A¤W¤@¯ë¾Ç®Õ¡]regular public school¡^ªº¦Û³¬¯g©ñ¾Ç«á´N¨Ó³o¨à¡A¥Ñ³o¨àªº¦Ñ®v»²¾É½Ò·~¨Ã°µ°V½m¡C

³Ì«á¡A°ÑÆ[¤@¶¡±Ð«Ç¡A¸Ó¶¡±Ð«Çªº¤p«Ä³£¬OÄY­«ªº¦Û³¬¯g¡A¥D­n¬OµLªk°µ¤f»y·¾³qªº¡A¦ý¬O¯àÅ¥±oÀ´¡A©Ò¥H³o«Ä¤l´N°V½m¨Ï¥Î·¾³qªO¡C·¾³qªO¯à°÷Åý«Ä¤l¥H·¾³qªO«ö¦Óµo¥XÁn­µ¡A¶i¦æ»P¤Hªº·¾³q¡C¤pªº«Ä¤l¨Ï¥Î¹Ï§Î¤è¦¡ªº·¾³qªO¡A¤jªº«Ä¤l¨Ï¥Î¤å¦r§Î¦¡ªº·¾³qªO¡C¨C¤@­Ó·¾³qªO¯à¨Ì«Ä¤lªº­Ó§Oª¬ªp¡A¦Ó³]©w¤£¦Pªº¤º®e¡AÅý«Ä¤l¨Ï¥Î¡C

ÁÙ¦³¡A¤á¥~¬¡°Ê³õ©Ò¡A¬O«Ä¤l­Ì«Ü­«­nªº¬¡°Ê°Ï°ì¡AÅý¤£¦P¦~¯Å¤£¦Pª¬ªpªº«Ä¤l­Ì¯àª±¦b¤@°_¡C

©Ò¦³ªº±Ð«Ç¡A³£¦³¤@¦ì¥D­nªº±Ð®v­t³d¡C¨C¦ì±Ð®v³£­n¹ï¨C­Ó¤p«Ä°µ«Ü¥J²ÓªºÆ[¹î¬ö¿ý¡A¨Ã±Ndata¿é¤Jexcel¡A¨Ã³]­p¥Xµ{¦¡°¨¤WÂà´«¥X¨ächart¡AÅý±M·~¤H­û¡B±Ð®v¤Î¤÷¥À¤@¥Ø¤FµM«Ä¤l¦b¦U°V½m§Þ¯àªº¶i¨Bª¬ªp¡A³o¼Ëªº¹ê¼x©Ê¸ê®Æ³Ì¯àÆ[¹î»¡ªA¤÷¥À¨Ì¤¤¤ßªº²z©À¡]behavioral analysis¡^¨Ó¶i¦æASDªº±Ð¨|¤u§@¡C

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1.          IEP

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3.          OT»PPT¦byoung children¤Wªº¤u§@¤º³¡­«Å|©Ê°ª¡CPTµÛ­«¦b²Ê°Ê§@¡AOTµÛ­«¦bºë²Ó°Ê§@¡B¤â²´¨ó½Õ¡B·Pı²Î¦X¤Î¹CÀ¸¡C

4.          ¤ß²z¾Ç»â°ì¥i¥H´£¨Ñ³\¦h¦³Ãö¤Hªºµo®i¡B»{ª¾¡B»y¨¥¡B·Pı¡B±¡ºüµ¥°ò¥»¸ê®Æ¡C

5.          ¨C­Ó«Ä¤l¥ý±µ¨ü¿ÅŲ¡A¨Ì¨ä¥D­n°ÝÃD±Æµ¹¸Ó°ÝÃD»â°ìªº±M·~¤H­û¡A¥Ñ¸Ó±M·~¤H­ûÀÀ©wIEP¡A¨Ã¥B¨ä¥L¤H­û»Ý°t¦Xµ¹¤©À°§U¡C

Aspen center¸u¦³³\¦hªºÄÁÂI±M·~¤H­û¡A¥i¥HÀH®É¨Ì«Ä¤l»Ý¨D­n¨D³o¨ÇÄÁÂI±M·~¤H­ûµ¹¤©«Ä¤l­Ó§O»Ý­n¤§°V½m¡C

Aspen centerªº±Ð¨|²z©À¬O¡A¦æ¬°¤ÀªR¡]behavior analysis¡^±Ä¥ÎColorado Universityªºprogram¡]¥ÑSally Rogers¡BDiane Osalci¡BRuth Reuerµ¥¤H³]­p¡^¡C

 ¡¯ ±Ð®v»ÝÀH®É¥J²ÓÆ[¹î¬ö¿ý«Ä¤lªº¶i¨Bª¬ªp¡C

¡¯ ¦³¤@¥»DM¡A¤¶²ÐAspen Center¡A¥H¤Î¦UºØprogram©Îtherapyªº¦¬¶O¼Ð·Ç¡B©Û¶Ò¤è¦¡¥H¤Îú¶O¤è¦¡¡C

¡¯ ¦³¤@¤ùDVD¤¶²ÐAspen Center¡C

                              28/07/05

 

10~11am

Dr. Judy Reaven   Tel.¡G¡]303¡^315-6503

4200E¡A9th Ave¡AC-234¡ADenver¡ACo 80262

JFK program partnes-UCHSC

Director of the Autism and Developmental Disorder Clinic

University of Colorado Health Science Center.

¦bÂå¾Ç°|¤§¤U¡A¦³ºë¯«¬ì¡A©³¤U¤S¦A¤À¬ì¡A°£¤Fºë¯«¬ì¤§¥~¡A´N¬OÁ{§É¤ß²z³¡ªù¡C³o­Ó³¡ªù©Û¦¬³\¦hªº¹ê²ßÂå¥Í¡A¦³¬Û·íÄYÂÔªº³W½d»P¨î«×¡CÁõÄÝ©óPhD. Degreeªº¨î«×¡C¨ä¤¤¡A¦³¤@¶µ¹ê²ßDr.ªºprogram¡A´N¬O¦­´ÁÀø¨|¡C³o­Óprogram¥]¬A¦³¿ÅŲ»PªvÀø¡C±Ä¨útransdiscipinaryªº°µªk¡C¨C­Ó±M·~³£¬O¿W¥ß¥­µ¥ªº¡A«Ä¤l¨Ì°ÝÃD©Ê½è¤§¤£¦P¡A¥Ñ¬Y¤@±M·~¥D­t³d¡C¨Ò¦p¡G¤p«Ä¦³¯«¸g¾Ç¤Wªº°ÝÃD¡B¿ò¶Ç¾Ç¤Wªº°ÝÃDµ¥¡C¥Ñ¤p¨à¬ìÂå®v­t³d³o¦ì¤p«Ä¡A¦P®É¨ä¥L±M·~·|¨Ì³o¦ì¤p«Äªº¥D­t³d¤p¨à¬ìÂå®v¤§½Ð¨D¡Aµ¹¤©¨ó§U°µ¿ÅŲ¡AµM«á¦U±M·~±Nµû¦ôµ²ªG°µ­Ó³ø§iµ¹³o¦ì¤p¨à¬ìÂå®v¡A¨Ã¥Ñ³o¦ì¤p¨à¬ìÂå®v·J¾ã¦U±M·~ªº³ø§i«á¡A¦V¤÷¥À¸Ñ»¡¨Ã¦w±Æ¦U¶µªvÀø¡A¨Ã«ùÄò°lÂܳo¦ì¤p«Äªº¦UºØ±M·~¤§ªvÀø¡C

¨àµ£ºë¯«¬ìÂå®v¡A¥ç¦p¤p¨à¬ìÂå®v¤@¼Ë¡A¨Ì¤p«Ä¦³ºë¯«¯e±w¤§°ÝÃD¡A¤@¤è­±µ¹¤©ÃĪ«ªvÀø¡A¥t¤@¤è­±½Ð¨D¨ä¥L±M·~¤H­û°µµû¦ô»PªvÀø¡A¨ä¥L±M·~¤H­û¨Ì½Ð¨D¤§¤º®e¶i¦æµû¦ô»PªvÀø¤u§@¡A¦U±M·~¤H­û¥ç¶·¼g³ø§iµ¹¥D­t³dªº¨àµ£ºë¯«¬ìÂå®v¦V¤÷¥À¸ÑÄÀ¡C¦pªG¤p«Ä¦³µo®i¤Wªº°ÝÃD¡B¤ß²z°ÝÃD©Î¦æ¬°°ÝÃD¡A¥ÑÁ{§É¤ß²z®v¥D­t³d³o¦ì¤p«Ä¡AÁ{§É¤ß²z®v·|¨Ì¤p«Äªºª¬ªp½Ð¨D¤p¨à¬ìÂå®v¡Bºë¯«¬ìÂå®v¡B¾¯àªvÀø®v¡B»y¨¥ªvÀø®v¡Bª«²zªvÀø®vµ¥¡K¤§À°¦£µû¦ô»PªvÀø¡AÂå®vµ¥¤H­û¥ç»Ý±Nµû¦ôµ²ªG¼gµ¹Á{§É¤ß²z®v¡A¨Ã¦V¤÷¥À°µ¸ÑÄÀ»P¦w±Æ«áÄò¤§ªvÀø¡C

Dr. Judy Reaven¬OAutism and Developmental Disorder Clinicªºdirector¡C

Dr. Judy Reaven»{¬°¤ß²z®v¤]¥i¥H·í­Ó«Ü¦nªºdirector¡A¨Ã¸òÂå®v«O«ù«D±`¨}¦nªºÃö«Y¡C

§Ú°ÝDr. Judy Reaven¡A¦pªG¦bµo®iAutism and Developmental Disorder¤§ªì®É¡A¤£¬O»PÂå®vªº°ÝÃD¡A¦Ó¬Opowerªº°ÝÃD¡A¦o¦³µL¦nªº«Øij¥i¥Hµ¹§Ú¡C¦o»¡³o¬O¤@­Ó«Ü´Æ¤âªº°ÝÃD¡A»Ý­n®É¶¡¥h¸Ñ¨Mªº¡C

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Early Intervention Providers of Children with Special Needs

in United States July 10th thru July 31st, 2005            ¦^¥Ø¿ý                                                                       

I.                   Definition of Children with special needs:

II.                The right of children and their families:

Laws & regulation:

   Federal Laws: (a) Individual Disability Education Act (IDEA)

                (b) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

   State & City Laws & regulation:

III.             The services in place are required and funded by the laws                Programs:

           Early Start Program:

           IFSP:

           Day program:

            Adult Day Program:

Out of Home Care:

24-hours structure health facility- NR (Nursing Facility)

Intermediate care facility (ICF), Mental Retarded services (MR)

                   Support Services:

           Transportation:

Other services:

In-home Respite, Misc. Services, Health Care & Out-of- Home Respite

IV.              The providers of the services are:

Regional Centers:

       Golden Gate Regional Center, San Francisco, CA

Community Mental Health Services:

        Chinatown Child Developmental Center, San Francisco, CA

Education:

Unified School District- Child Development Center, SF, CA

      Non-profit agencies:

Support for Families with Special Needs, San Francisco, CA

V.                 The M.I.N. D. Institute, Davis, California

VI.              Asian Family Service Center, Los Angeles, CA

VII.           Aspen Center: Denver, Colorado

VIII.        Pilot Project in San Francisco: One door Policy-Client Service Model

IX.              Children with special needs and their families face different challenges in addition to the disabilities

X.                 Most recent clinical studies and research directions

¡@

Early Intervention Providers of Children with Special Needs in Unite States

July 10th thru July 31st, 2005

 

I.                   Definition of Children with special needs:

Perspectives of parents:

    Child is not behaving properly like the other same age child

Perspectives of child(ren):

  I am trapped with this disease that I feel powerless about

  I like to make more friends, but I can¡¦t           

      Perspectives of sibling(s) and classmates:

         This annoyed person, is always the center of the attention

      Perspectives of relatives and other family members in various cultures

         A family curse; poor parenting, a child with bad behaviors

      Perspective of teachers and school personnel:

         A very challenging student, who requires extra energy and attention

      Perspective of medical/ mental personnel:

         A delayed developmental child with following symptoms from DSM IV-R

    Deficits in reciprocal social interactions and communication; Restricted, repetitive behaviors, interests or activities  

Perspective of public with no understanding of children with disabilities:

         A child raised by poor parenting

II.                The right of children and their families:

Laws & regulation:

   Federal Laws:

(a) Individual Disability Education Act (IDEA)(20 U.S.C. sec. 1471 et seq)

In 1975 Public Law: IDEA 94-142 was instituted. It required that each American Child receive a free/public and appropriate education & will spend maximum amount of time in classroom.

              (b) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

If a child is not eligible for special education, school districts still have a legal obligation to serve students with disabilities under civil rights law statue

   State & City Laws & regulation:

(1) Lanterman Development Disabilities Services Act (Lanterman Act) is that part of California law that sets out the rights and responsibilities of persons with development disabilities, and creates the agencies, including regional center, responsible for planning and coordinating services and supports for persons with developmental disabilities and their families. These services are provided with children diagnosed with cerebral palsy, epilepsy, autism and other neurologically handicapping conditions closely related to mental retardation.

(2) Title 17 regulations: clients¡¦ rights and providers¡¦ accountability, Early Intervention Act (Early Start Program, Eligibility Criteria)

(3) California Government Code, Section 95014: requires Dept of Developmental Services and Dept of Education responsible for the early intervention service if infants and toddlers not eligible for services under Lanterman Act.

III.             The services adhere are required and funded by the laws; California State fund programs serve children with special needs through Department of Development Service (DDS) under Health and Human Service.         Programs:

           Early Start Program:

                    funded by Federal (IDEA, Part C) and State General Funds

Serves children from birth to 36 months if they meet the criteria such as (1) developmental delay in either cognitive or communication, social or emotional, adaptive, or physical and motor development including vision and hearing or (2) have established risk conditions of known etiology with a high probability of resulting in delayed development or (3) are at high risk of having a substantial development disability due to a combination of risk factors.

IFSP:  An Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) maybe determined with the following services may include:

Assistive technology, audio logy, family training, counseling,& home visits, health services, medical services for diagnostic/evaluation purposes only, nursing services, nutrition services, occupational therapy, physical therapy, psychological services, respite services, service coordination (case management), social work services , special instruction, speech and language services, transportation and related costs and vision services

           Day Program: community-based training, eg,. Behavior management,                                           self-help/self-care skills, community integration, and  

infant development programs.

Adult Day Program: Department of Development Service (DDS) through Lanterman Developmental Disabilities Services, is mandated to serve persons with developmental disabilities. This Act ensures the coordination and provision of services and supports to enable persons with developmental disabilities to lead more independent and productive lives. DDS carries out its responsibilities through contracts with 21 private, nonprofit Regional Centers and 5 state-owned and operated developmental centers and 2 state operated community facilities.

Out-of-Home: Care, supervision and training for individuals in community care facilities 

                     24-hours structure health facility- NR (Nursing Facility)

Intermediate care facility (ICF) qualifies under Title 22, California Code of Regulations, requires 8-hour provider training, health and safety Code 1298.6

A facility that provides 24-hour-per-day personal care, habilitation, developmental and supportive health services to developmental disabled clients whose primary need is for developmental services and who have a recurring but intermittent need for skilled nursing services. ICF/DD-H (Habilitative) is a capacity of 4 to 15 beds that provide habilitation services to 15 or fewer developmentally disabled who have intermittent recurring needs for nursing services, but have been certified by a physician and surgeon as not requiring availability for continuous skilled nursing care

Support Services: includes community integration training, adaptive skills training, community activities support, supplemental residential, day services or program support, behavior management consulting and supported living services.

Transportation: provided by transportation companies, residential facilities, day programs, public transportation, family members friends or ambulances.

Other Services: are broken into five sub-categories, namely Health care, In-home Respite, Out-of-Home Respite, Support Services and Miscellaneous Services which includes,  the services of tutors, special education teachers, recreational therapists, counselors, infant development specialists, and speech pathologists.

IV.              The providers of the services are:

Regional Centers:

Regional Centers are non-profit private corporations that contract with Department of Development Service (DDS) to provide or coordinate services and supports for individuals with developmental disabilities.  The following are some of the services and supports provided by the regional centers:

Information and referral, Assessment and diagnosis, Counseling, Lifelong individualize planning and services coordination, purchase of necessary services included in the individual program plan, Resources development, Outreach, Assistance in finding and using community and other resources, Advocacy for the protection of legal, civil and service rights, Early Intervention Services for at risk infants and their families, Genetic counseling, Family support, Planning, Placement, and monitoring for 24 hours out-of home care, training and educational opportunities for individuals and families and Community education about developmental disabilities.

Writer visited Golden Gate Regional Center (GGRC):

GGRC is one of 21 regional centers funded with Federal and State funding. The services provided are described (regional centers) as above. GGRC provides services for children at perinatal to three years old and these children who are identified and eligible disability criteria, receive services stated mentioned above. Regional centers are funded to purchase services like counseling or speech therapy for their clients if the center does not provide in house staff and services.

Community Mental Health Services:

        Writer visited Chinatown Child Developmental Center (CCDC)

CCDC is a community mental health clinic that serves children population from zero to 18 years old. It is mainly funded by Department of Mental Health under Health and Human Service. CCDC provides counseling services (individual and/or family therapy) referral by school teachers, pediatricians and or Special Education Programs. The services provided to children with special needs in responding to IEP (Individual Education Plan) are reimbursed by Special Education Program. CCDC has multi-disciplinary team on site; two child psychiatrists, four psychologists and ten social workers and marriage family therapists.  

Education: Unified School District-Child Development Center

         Writer visited San Francisco USD ¡V child development center

          Interviewed with teacher, Ms. Beth Kohn

                Meeting with SFUSD, director, Mr. Jacob Wang

SFUSD- CDD serves 1650 preschooler (three to four years old) in 38 child development centers in addition to 3000 students in after-school programs.  

I.        Class type: regular class, special day class, inclusion class

Regular class: 24 students per class; adult- child ratio: 1 to 8

Special day class: include in the same center with regular classes: children with special needs interact with average students during recess in the yard..

Inclusion Class: include three children with special needs (mild diagnosis) in regular class. Adult to children ratio stays 1 to 8, maybe with para support part of the day.

II..Comphrensive service:  mental health, social worker and nurse are on staff in school system to be ready to serve support students in proper learning. Schools are required to provide children with special education any support to keep children stay in class with maximum time.  An IEP (individual education plan) is required for each student who needs supports for learning properly in school system. Professionals from systems in Education, childcare and social work/mental health get together to meet with the parent of the student timely for IEP.

                Remarks made by SFUSD, Speech therapist, Ms. Diane Yates

                                        Speech Assessment Process:

Federal Law (Dept of Education, IDEA 94-132) requires assessment done in a Child¡¦s primary language. In San Francisco, there are over 50 different languages children speak. It is a challenge to find a speech therapist to meet Federal requirement. A translator will be used to accommodate this challenge, yet the result is not the most appropriate due to the lack of training of translators and information was not best collected in first hand by the speech therapist.

Challenges for testing younger children or children with cognitive impairment or other PDD¡¦s:

Complaints brought in for the speech assessments:

Child not using language (or not using language properly), not pronounce (correct) sounds, or stuttering¡Ketc.

Interview and testing:

(a) A comprehensive interview of child¡¦s development history, birth to now; family history, living environment; school setting

(b) Identify child¡¦s primary language, caregivers¡¦ primary language, how many different languages use in a child¡¦s daily life, any interaction supported by adults etc.

(c) Preschool language scale and articulation tests are given.

(d) Some sounds are in the screening test, might not be age-appropriate: such as th, s, r. These sounds develop later until a child reaches age of seven.

 

      Non-profit agencies: Support for Families with Special Needs

Founded by a group of parents with children with special needs. They started with support group in their garage in 19??.

They receive funding form Federal and State and Private Donations. The services they provide include; multi-lingual resources links, support groups and advocacy for children and their parents¡¦ benefit under the Federal and State Laws.

V.                 the M.I.N. D. Institute, Davis, California

founded by few fathers of children with PDD, collaborates with UC Davis to support research and clinical treatment.  Now is one of leading ASD research and clinic in U.S...

      Assessment - Interdisciplinary Approaches:

Contributions from Psychiatrists: to determine whether certain symptoms are part of a disorder other than ASD or represent one that is comorbid with or subsumed under ASD diagnosis.

Contributions of psychology: psychological assessments and collect/analyze reports from multiple resources.

Contributions of Pediatrics: It is important to distinguish between associated medical conditions that may be causally related to autistic symptoms and those that coexist because of shared underlying biological conditions. It is recommended that all children with either autism or mental retardation of unknown etiology should have FMR1 DNA testing. The medical exam should include hearing and visual screening.

Contributions of Neurology: Many children with autism manifest neurological symptoms and signs including seizures, dyspraxia, hypotonia, mental retardation, gait abnormalities and macrocephaly.

      Treatment:

                        Language intervention:

Discrete Trial Training interventions (DTT) by Lovaas to extinguish unwanted behaviors, skills are taught through directive.

Developmental-Pragmatic interventions emphasizes on ply, child-centered control of interactions, and sharing emotion with others

Complex Language Intervention Approaches include initiation of communication, use of gestures and body language and turn tking.

            Social Competency Interventions

                 Adults: social skills group

                        social stories                 

                        visual cuing

                        social games

                  Peer-Mediated Techniques

                  Naturalistic Behavioral Techniques

            Educational Interventions: in school settings such, inclusion, structured

social skills group

                        social stories                 

                        visual cuing

                        social games

VI.              Asian Family Service Center, Los Angles, California

 VII.           Aspen Center: Denver, Colorado

VIII.        Pilot Project in San Francisco, One Door Service Model: a collaboration among Dept. of Mental Service, Department of Health Service and Department of Development Services:

One- door policy: children with ASD walk into one clinic and receive all services needed, such as mental health, case management, speech and occupational and pediatric medical services.  There is a multi-disciplinary team stand by including: pediatrician, child psychiatrist, social worker, MFT, speech therapist and occupational therapist.

Family Cost Plan:  Cost of the treatment is mostly free, but with children who are not qualified for the free services, the cost of treatment is calculated based on family¡¦s household income and number of children living at home.

        Advantage:

-         Consumers: don¡¦t have to run to different clinics for different services.  It is particular challenging to travel with children with special needs to travel.

-         Reduce transportation cost and time

-         Less stress to parents and caregivers.

-         Consumers utilize the familiar providers and the environment.

-         Cost effective, therefore this plan saves government funding in the long run..

        Disadvantage:

- It is challenging for different departments of the government to budget its own funding sources

- Challenge in coordination of a multi-disciplinary team especially in different department of the government.

IX.              Children with special needs and their families face different challenges in addition to the disabilities

Mental health issues: inattention, low-self esteem, depression, opposition behaviors, tics, anxiety, affective symptoms, psychosis, mixed symptoms

Learning issues: dyslexia, dysphasia, dysphonic

Family support: stress level, financial, and parent¡¦s ability to maintain daily work schedule 

X.                 Most recent clinical research and direction

A correlation between ADHD and ASD?

 

Information to attach: DDS Fact Books, Consumer¡¦s Guide to the Lanterman Act

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